What is Epilepsy Essay Example for Free

What is Epilepsy Essay Background: Epilepsy is also referred to as seizure disorder; it is a chronic brain disorder that briefly interrupts the normal electrical activity of the brain to cause seizures. These seizures can be characterized by a variety of symptoms including uncontrolled movements of the body, disorientation or confusion, sudden fear, or loss of consciousness. Epilepsy may be a result from a head injury, stroke, brain tumor, lead poisoning, or genetic conditions. An interesting fact about epilepsy is that in over 70 percent of the cases no cause has been identified. Did you know that about 1 percent of the world population, or over 2 million people, are diagnosed with epilepsy (Epilepsy Foundation)? Types and causes of Seizures: A person has a seizure when there is an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in certain brain cells. The discharge spreads to nearby cells, and the effect may be loss of consciousness, involuntary movements, or abnormal sensory phenomena. The effects of the seizure will depend on the location of the cells in which the discharge starts and how far the discharge spreads. Like stated before about 1 percent of the population is diagnosed with epilepsy but did you know that about 6 percent of the population will have a seizure in their lifetime? Most of that 6 percent of people will not be diagnosed with epilepsy because they do not have seizures on a constant basis. Since seizures reflect abnormal brain activity, it is not surprising that epilepsy is found in a greater amount in children with developmental disabilities (mental retardation or cerebral palsy) than those without a disability. Seizures can be caused by almost any kind of damage to the brain, the most common causes are; a lack of sufficient oxygen, low blood sugar, infections, and a physical trauma. But in 70 percent of epilepsy cases the cause is unknown. Even though the cause maybe unknown doctors still can treat patients with proper medication (Hallahan and Kauffman). Seizures may take many forms, and the best way to classify seizures is a matter that is up for debate among many individuals. However, educators should not that seizures may differ along at least the following dimensions: -Duration: The seizures may only last a few seconds or for several minutes. -Frequency: Seizures may occur as frequently as every few minutes in severe cases or only about once a year in minor cases. -Onset: They may be set off by certain identifiable stimuli or be unrelated to the environment, and they may be totally unexpected or be preceded by certain internal sensation Movements: they may cause major convulsive movements or only minor motor symptoms (eye blinking). -Causes: Seizures may be caused by a variety of conditions, including high fever, poisoning or head trauma. -Associated disabilities: Seizures may be associated with other disabling conditions or be unrelated to any other medical problem or disability. -Control: They may be controlled completely by drugs, so that the individual has no more seizures, or they may be only partially controlled. Educational Implications: Nearly half of all children with Epilepsy have average or higher intelligence, just the same as the general public. Although many children with epilepsy have other disabilities, some do not. Consequently, both general and special education teacher may expect to encounter children who have seizures. Besides medical advice regarding management of the childs particular seizure disorder, teachers should know first aid for epileptic seizures. Seizures are primarily a medical problem and require medical attention. Educators are called to deal with the problem in the following  ways: -Both General and special education teachers need to help dispel ignorance, superstition, and prejudice toward people who have seizures and provide calm management for the occasional seizure the child may have at school. -Special education teachers who work with students with severe developmental disabilities need to be prepared to manage more frequent seizures as will as to handle learning problems. The teacher should record the length of a childs seizure and the type of activity the child was engaged in before it occurred. This information will help physicians in diagnosis and treatment. If a student is being treated for a seizure disorder, the teacher, should know the type of medication and its possible side effects (Hallahan and Kauffman). Treatment: There is no cure for epilepsy but symptoms of the disorder may be treated with drugs, surgery, or a special diet. Drug therapy is the most common treatment, seizures can be prevented or their frequency lessened in 80 to 85 percent of cases by drugs known as anticonvulsants or antiepileptics. Surgery is used when drug treatments fail and the brain tissue causing the seizures is confined to one area and canbe safely removed. A special high-fat diet known as ketogenic diet produces a chemical condition in the body called ketosis that helps prevent seizures in young children. Like any other medical condition, epilepsy is affected by general health. Regualr exercise, plenty of rest, and efforts to reduce stress can all have a positive effect on a person with a seizure disorder. (Epilepsy Foundation). The Future: The things that I have learned when doing this project that will better help me when I became a teacher in the future is: that as a teacher you not only  need to know first aid but you can do the little things like making sure other students know what is going on so, they dont make fun of that particular student. I also learned that by knowing the childs medication and recording what they were doing when the seizure happened and how long is lasted could help give the student better treatment. Lastly, I learned that I shouldnt have an attitude such as I will never have one of these students in my class, the possibility to get one of these students in my class is real, and I will now be better prepared so if and when it happens I can help the student to the best of my abilities.

Physics of the Browning M2 .50 Cal :: physics machine gun

The Browning M2 .50 caliber machine gun is better known as the 'Ma Duce' to those who have had the pleasure of firing this heavy barrel machine gun. In 1919 John M. Browning developed the M2 .50 cal as an anti-aircraft weapon. The M2 was first introduced into the United States Military in 1933 and is used by many militaries through out the world today. Since 1933 there have been little changes made to this weapon system. The BMG (Browning Machine Gun) is a crew served, belt fed, air-cooled, recoil operated machine gun capable of firing in single shot or fully automatic. Today the M2 is used for more than just anti-aircraft. Since very little changes have been made to this remarkable weapon system, military researchers have been able to maximize the capabilities and uses on the battle field. This weapon is used both in the offense and defense and can be used effectively to engage light armored vehicles, low flying aircraft, boats, and personnel. The M2 can either be ground or vehicle mounted giving our military unlimited uses of this weapon. This weapon system has been mounted on numerous light armored vehicles, air craft, water craft, as well as tanks. The M2 .50 caliber machine gun is a crew served, belt fed, air-cooled, recoil operated machine gun capable of firing in single shot or fully automatic. weight of total gun with tripod 128lb weight of receiver 60lb weight of barrel 24lb weight of tripod 44lb length of gun 65in length of barrel 45in muzzle velocity 3050fps~888m/s bore diameter .50cal~12.7mm maximum effective range 2000m maximum range 6800m~4.2miles There are over 20 different types of ammunition that have been made for the M2, each with it's own individual characteristics, color coding and uses. The primary round discussed on this web page is the M2 .50 caliber ball cartridge. The M2 ball round is one of the few rounds that does not have any color coding. This round consists primarily of the casing, primer, powder, and projectile. The projectile is 58.7mm long, 12.7mm in diameter and has a weight of 42.9grams. The projectile is a soft lead core incased in a full metal jacket. Most ammunition for the M2 comes linked in 100 round belts as shown below. There are some basic methods of firing that must be defined before discussing defilade fire. The first of these is line of sight. Line of sight is defined as the path from the gunner's eye to the target.

Recent Basketball-related Research: The Vertical Jump Essay

On a message forum that I frequent, I continually see trainers touting the Vertimax as the solution to all vertical jump problems for basketball players. There are two issues with this: McClenton et al. (2008) compared depth-jump training to Vertimax training and found: Depth jump training twice weekly for 6 weeks is more beneficial than VertiMax jump training for increasing vertical jump height. Strength professionals should focus on depth jump exercises in the short term over commercially available devices to improve vertical jump performance. McClenton, L.S., Brown, L.E., Coburn, J.W., & Kersey, R.D. (2008). The effect of short-term VertiMax vs. depth jump training on vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22 (2), 321-325. Carlson et al. (2009) compared strength training, plyometric training, and jump training with a VertiMax and found: The findings of this study demonstrate that there is no difference in vertical jump among strength training, plyo metric training, and jump training over a 6-week timeframe. Carlson, K., Magnusen, M. & Walters, P. (2009). Effect of Various Training Modalities on Vertical Jump. Research in Sports Medicine: An International Journal, 17 (2), 84-94. One issue with the second study is the use of plyometrics, as that has become a colloquial term that has lost meaning (Flanagan & Comyns, 2008). Many plyometrics exercises use the slow stretch-shortening cycle (as would VertiMax) with ground contact time longer than 250 milliseconds and large angular displacements (Schmidtbleicher, 1994), whereas depth jumps utilize a fast stretch-shortening cycle with ground contacts between 100-250 ms and small angular displacements (Schmidtbleicher, 1994). The above results would suggest the need for fast SSC training to improve vertical-jump performance over a six-week training cycle. This does not mean that the VertiMax is without use or a bad product. However, plyometric boxes are a much less expensive purchase that can elicit the same or improved benefits, at least over a six-week training program. Secondly, and of primary importance, McGill et al. (2012) found that the broad jump predicted basketball performance measures better than the vertical jump in college basketball players: Dependent variables of performance indicators (such as games and minutes played, points scored,  assists, rebounds, steal, and blocks) and injury reports were tracked for the subsequent 2 years. Results showed that better performance was linked with having a stiffer torso, more mobile hips, weaker left grip strength, and a longer standing long jump, to name a few. McGill, S.M., Andersen, J.T., & Horne, A.D. (2012). Predicting Performance and Injury Resilience From Movement Quality and Fitness Scores in a Basketball Team Over 2 Years. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26 (7), 1731–1739. The implication of the second study is to suggest that vertical-jump performance is not of primary performance to basketball performance, and other qualities such as change-of-direction speed, balance, and acceleration likely have more to do with on-court performance. Flanagan, E.P. & Comyns, T.M. (2008). The use of contact time and the reactive strength index to optimise fast stretch-shortening cycle training. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 30, 33-38. Schmidtbleicher, D. (1994). Training for power events. In P. Komi (Ed.), Strength and Power in Sport (381-395). London: Blackwell Scientific.

Nonverbal Communication And The Classroom - 902 Words

TOPIC 1: Nonverbal communication in the classroom Communication is the ongoing exchange of messages that enables us to share our knowledge, attitudes, opinions and skills with one another (Miller, 1988). This process is composed of two dimensions – verbal and nonverbal . While is it undeniable that both the verbal and the nonverbal dimension are inseparable, research emphasises the dominance of the nonverbal message (cf., Argyle, 1975; Hall, 1966; Harrison Crouch, 1975; Knapp, 1978, cited in Smith, 1979). Harrison and Crouch (1975) argue that, in the development of each human being, nonverbal communication precedes and perhaps structures all subsequent communication (p. 77), and thus suggest that the nonverbal dimension plays a role more significant than that with which we consciously associate it. After significant research Mehrabian (1968) was able to propose values for the three elements that compose interpersonal communication: Total Impact = .07 verbal + .38 vocal + .55 facial (p. 53). The most significant facet of Mehr abian s formulation was the comparatively minute impact of the verbal message and the dominance of the nonverbal (i.e., 7% vs. 93%) (Smith, 1979). While studies under different conditions have developed varied conclusions regarding the exact weights of each communicative element (cf Keith, Tornatzky, Pettigrew, 1974, cited in Smith, 1979), the overwhelming importance of the nonverbal domain is without doubt. Thus, if there exists anyShow MoreRelatedAdvantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School1661 Words   |  7 Pagesand Disadvantages of Nonverbal communication in School is an important topic to be learned by human beings. This paper explores various techniques that can be utilized to manage conflict in the workplace. Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School Introduction â€Å"People cannot live without each other, we are social beings† (Marwijk). Students from different levels and cultures love to hang out with each other thus using different nonverbal communication which may build or breakRead MoreClassroom Management And The Classroom1455 Words   |  6 PagesClassroom management refers to methods applied by an educator to ensure that students remain organized, attentive, and focused throughout a class in a productive way. Student’s discipline has for a long time been considered as the ultimate measure of a well-managed class which is false since classroom management is dependent on a compound of factors as opposed to a single factor (Cangelosi, 2014). Given that students and teachers spend a considerable amount of time in the classroom, it’s essentialRead MoreNonverbal Communication : Understanding, Intimacy And Mutual Valuing1197 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication leads to community, that is, to understanding, intimacy a nd mutual valuing-Rollo May. Communication is the way we as humans make connections and form relationships with one another. Non-verbal communication is a very popular form of communication. Eye contact, body language, hand gestures, facial expressions, use of touch, and body movements are all forms of nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is a common, more subtle manner of communicating with the world as well asRead MoreThe Importance of Classroom Design in Communication1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviours is through communication. From birth, humans must learn to communicate to get what they want and express their emotions. Although a lot of basic communication skills are taught at home, further development is taught at school to ensure certain standards are met so that young children will grow up to successfully fit in among society. These standards do not just exist on the curriculum level, but extend beyond that to the very space in which the curriculum is taught: classrooms are designed toRead MoreNonverbal Communication And Its Impact On Campus896 Words   |  4 PagesNonverbal communication can be found within many objects on campus. Even though these objects do not send out direct messages, they still have significant meanings that can be captured by the public. Since nonverbal communication refers to â€Å"communication affected by means other than words† (Knapp et al. 8), it is made up with many other elements. For example, at the Tiger plaza on campus, the statue of a Tiger, which stands majestically in front of Jesse Hall, facing the Tiger Plaza, evokes theRead MoreThe Role Of Non Verbal Communication On Intercultural Communication1411 Words   |  6 Pagescultural organisation,the intercultural communication has become more ligual and more significant than ever before (Wang, 2007). As an international language, English has played an prominent role in making the communication easy between two people with different cultural backgrounds. As a result, the EFL education has concluded the communicative sufficiency as one of the important goals of English as Foreign Language teaching. It seems that intercultural communication will be a successful, as long as theRead MoreThe Effects Of Tactile Communication On The Human Resource Manager ( Hrm )1250 Words   |  5 PagesOne type of nonverbal communication is haptics. Haptics refers to the study of communication by touch (Anonymous, 2012). According to Anonymous, 2012, â€Å"touch is necessary for human social development, and it can be welcoming, threatening, or persuasive.† The meaning of a simple touch differs between individuals, genders, and cultures. It is important for the Human Resource Manager (HRM) to recognize these differences in order to improve communication and be effective in the workplace. Tactile communicationRead MoreCommunication and Listening745 Words   |  3 PagesCommunication and Listening Rebekah Gardner Teamwork, Collaboration, and Conflict Resolution SOC/110 November 03, 2014 Larry Bohleber Communication and Listening How do people communicate? How do they listen? These are some of the questions that I will answer. I will also provide examples of verbal and nonverbal communication as well as explain how knowledge of nonverbal communication can help when communicating with others. I will also analyze my personal results for theRead MoreTeaching Experience1246 Words   |  5 Pagesto use non verbal body language in the form of a dance in order to make up the sandwich. Nonverbal â€Å"channels† of communication (how something is said) are often more important than words alone (what is said). There are many different channels of nonverbal communication: facial expressions, hand gestures, body movements (kinesics), touch (haptics), and personal space (Exploring Nonverbal Communication, 2005). These are the channels that were explored within our activity. Secondly, to provideRead MoreNonverbal Behavior And Body Language954 Words   |  4 Pagesmeans of communication, is used every day whe n people interact with one another. We interact beyond words by using what we call nonverbal signals. According to many experts in this field, such as James C. McCroskey and Virginia P. Richmond, the authors of Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations, body language makes a huge difference in our daily communication. For example, the way we pose, the expressions on our face, and even the tone of our speech, which are all nonverbal communication methods